Cleckley regarded psychopathy as an amalgam of personality features such as deficient affective response and superficial charm, along with severe behavioral maladjustment in the form of irresponsibility, unmotivated antisocial behavior, and promiscuity. His work contained several case studies, including those of two women, highlighting several of the manifestations of his criteria for psychopathy.
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Origins of contemporary conceptualizations of psychopathy can be traced to Hervey Cleckley’s influential monograph The Mask of Sanity (1941, 1976). The measures include psychopathy ratings based on Cleckley’s criteria, symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (APD), and measures of substance use and abuse, criminal behavior, institutional misconduct, interpersonal aggression, normal range personality, intellectual functioning, and social background variables. This work’s aim was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the correlates of these PCL-R score variables by examining relations with an array of criterion measures. These analyses extend the findings of a previous report that examined the link between suicidal behavior and psychopathy in the same sample ( Verona, Hicks, & Patrick, 2005). However, the differential correlates of the PCL-R component scores (i.e., factor and facet scores see Hare, 2003) have yet to be systematically examined in female prisoners.īased on previous research conducted on male offenders, this study’s purpose was to examine the patterns of relations between total, factor, and facet scores on the PCL-R and criterion-related variables in a large female inmate sample. Previous studies examining the PCL-R in women have provided evidence for the reliability of diagnostic ratings, and some of these studies have reported relations between total PCL-R scores and criterion measures resembling those of men, contributing to claims of its measurement equivalence in women ( Bolt, Hare, Vitale, & Newman, 2004 Hare & Neumann, 2006 Salekin, Rogers, & Sewell, 1997 Verona & Vitale, 2006 Vitale, Smith, Brinkley, & Newman, 2002). The correlates and causes of psychopathy and its components as assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R Hare, 2003) have been examined predominantly in male inmate samples, whereas much less is known about the external correlates of the PCL-R and its factors in female inmate samples. Given the rapidly increasing incarceration rates among women in the United States ( Bonczar, 2003), examining the construct of psychopathy in women remains an understudied but increasingly important area of research. Results were highly consistent with past findings in male samples and provide further evidence for the construct validity of the PCL-R two-factor and four-facet models across genders. These variables include ratings of psychopathy based on Cleckley’s criteria, symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, and measures of substance use and abuse, criminal behavior, institutional misconduct, interpersonal aggression, normal range personality, intellectual functioning, and social background variables.
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Based on previous research conducted with male offenders, a large female inmate sample was used to examine the patterns of relations between total, factor, and facet scores on the PCL-R and various criterion variables.
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Specifically, the correlates of the general construct of psychopathy and its components as assessed by PCL-R total, factor, and facet scores have yet to be examined in depth. The validity of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) has been examined extensively in men, but its validity for women remains understudied.